MDR-TB is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to at least two of the most effective first-line anti-TB medications: rifampicin and isoniazid. It occurs when the TB-causing bacteria acquire mutations that render them drug-resistant. Because it is more challenging to treat and control than drug-susceptible TB, MDR-TB is a serious global health issue. Effective patient management, the introduction of appropriate treatment, and the prevention of further transmission all depend on a diagnosis of MDR-TB that is both prompt and accurate. To identify MDR-TB strains, various diagnostic methods have been developed and implemented over time. The various diagnostic methods used to detect MDR-TB are discussed in detail in this article, along with their advantages, disadvantages, and advancements.
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