Biosensors & Bioelectronics

A Novel Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Salbutamol Based on Graphene Oxide/Poly (O-nitrobenzoic acid) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode and its Analytical Application in Pharmaceutical Formulation and Human Urine

Abstract

Arafat Toghan, Abo-bakr AM, Rageh HM and Abd-Elsabour M

Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric techniques were employed to determine salbutamol at a glassy carbon electrode modified with a graphene oxide and poly(O-nitrobenzoic acid). The modified electrode was characterized by [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- couple and show high catalytic activity towards the oxidation of SAL in PBS (pH 7.6). The effect of scan rate, pH and concentration of SAL were studied at the modified electrode where a radical change in the anodic peak current was observed. The important parameters such as electrode real surface area, electron-transfer number, the surface concentration of the electroactive species, detection and quantification limits were determined and calculated to be 0.485 cm2, 1, 3.51 × 10-8 mol/cm2, 56 and 188 nM, respectively. The modified electrode was achieved excellent reproducibility and good stability. In addition, there is no interference with the determination of SAL except ascorbic acid and p-nitrophenol. The sensitivity of the modified electrode shows acceptable recoveries in the detection of SAL in pharmaceutical formulations and a human urine sample.