Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Diseases

A Review of Motivations for Engaging In Cosmetic-Skin Lightening Practice in Sub-Saharan Africa and Mechanisms of Actions of Commonly Used Whitening Agents

Abstract

Reginah Kirumba

Skin lightening refers to the use of depigmenting agents to transform the skin complexion to a lighter tone. Therapeutic skin lightening may be undertaken in controlled medical situations to manage certain hyper-pigmentation disorders such as melasma, solar lentigo and vitiligo. On the other hand, cosmetic skin lightening is the use of skin lightening agents solely for aesthetic purpose to obtain a reduction in the skin’s physiologic pigmentation. Motivations for engaging in cosmetic skin lightening practice in sub-Saharan Africa has been alluded to a number of political, social and aesthetic purposes. The practice of cosmetic skin lightening is not limited by gender, age, socio-economic status or educational qualifications however; it is most prevalent among women in sub-Saharan region Africa. Common depigmenting agents identified in most topical skin lighteners in the region have been reported to contain hydroquinone and corticosteroids although they are not often stated on the ingredients lists. This review will explore the practice of cosmetic skin lightening in sub-Saharan Africa, motivations for engaging in the practice and examine mechanisms of actions of hydroquinone and corticosteroids.