New forms of power systems have seen moderate changes in relation to several aspects of contradictory Cyber–Physical Power Systems as a result of the development of communication networks, metering, and smart control systems, as well as the widespread use of Internet-based structures. The cyber and power sections of these structures typically connect. CPPSs have to deal with new problems like stability, resiliency, dependability, vulnerability, and security. Accurate modeling techniques and an examination of the interaction mechanisms associated with the cyber-security of Smart Grids are crucial for studying, analyzing, and proposing solutions to these issues. Cyber-security in energy systems is the subject of this paper, which aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the various approaches to solving the problem. In addition, various cyberattack model characteristics and their applicability are technical discussed and analyzed. In SGs and power systems, cutting-edge cyber security methods like block chain and quantum computing are mentioned, and recent research directions are highlighted. The most important methods for solving problems and defense mechanisms are shown. Finally, a few points about the significance of cyber-security for SGs in the future are discussed.
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