Niyousha MR, Panahi Y and Golzari S
The main aim of this study was to collect the experiences of Iranian researchers about different types of tear gases and pepper sprays, effects, treatment strategies and also to provide a guideline for the prevention of abuse of these dangerous agents. Tear gases include CS, CN, CA and OC sprays most common of which is CS. Tear gas that through the eyes of confusion (tearing and spasm) of the eyelids and closing the gases, and through upper respiratory tract irritation (sneezing and vomiting) temporary disables the person. Pepper spray, also known as OC spray (from “oleoresin capsicum”), OC gas, and capsicum spray, is a lachrymatory agent (a chemical compound that irritates the eyes to cause tears, pain, and temporary blindness). It is used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and personal self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears. Its inflammatory effects cause the eyes to swell, impairing the vision. The results also show that tear gas abstract by target tissues of the eyes, skin, and digestive system and affect the nerves. There is no effective antidote to common tear gases; however, decontamination is the first line of action. Once a person exposed to these agents, there is a variety of methods to remove as much chemical as possible and relieve the symptoms. The standard first aid for burning solutions in the eye is irrigation (spraying or flushing out) with water, and some evidence suggests that diphoterine solution, a first aid product for chemical sprays, may help with ocular burns or chemicals in the eye. As chemical gases are easily accessible and the risk of their being used threatens people, the proposed approach is necessary to control all gases. It is suggested that these gases and sprays be less available and less used. Furthermore, the proper administration route of these tools should be taught to people.
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