Neurology has traditionally relied on clinical symptoms, neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies to diagnose and manage brain disorders. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of these conditions often pose significant challenges. Recent advances in molecular biology have introduced molecular biomarkers as a powerful tool, revolutionizing our understanding and treatment of neurological diseases. Molecular biomarkers are measurable indicators of a biological state or condition. In neurology, they can be proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, metabolites, or other molecules found in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or brain tissue. These biomarkers can provide valuable information about disease mechanisms, progression and response to treatment.
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