Biomass waste, including agricultural residues, forestry waste, and organic municipal waste, represents a significant environmental challenge due to its potential for pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. However, advancements in biomass waste conversion technologies offer promising solutions for sustainable waste management and renewable energy production. This article provides an in-depth exploration of various biomass waste conversion technologies, their environmental impacts, and their role in promoting environmentally sustainable development. The review encompasses a discussion on thermochemical, biochemical, and physicochemical conversion processes, along with an analysis of their advantages, limitations, and potential applications. Additionally, the article explores policy frameworks and regulatory measures that can facilitate the widespread adoption of biomass waste conversion technologies for a cleaner and greener future.
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