Journal of Bioanalysis & Biomedicine

Antioxidant Trace Elements Depletion Induces Proinflammatory Cytokines Polarization in Anti Diabetics Drug Naive Non Obese Male Type 2 Diabetic Nigerians

Abstract

Ehiaghe Friday Alfred*, Udiyiwe Osaikhuwuomwan, Uwaifo Nicholas Eghosa, Ehiaghe Imuetinyan Joy, Eremwanarue Aibuedefe Osagie, Usiosefe Raphael Erhunmwunse and Digban Awharentomah Kester

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and acute oxidative stress (OS) by high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) related to the lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity processes. The study was aimed at evaluating the cytokine responses and antioxidant trace elements status using the blood levels of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-4, zinc nickel, magnesium, and chromium circulating among antidiabetics drug naïve non-obese male type 2 Diabetic Nigerians. A total of 124 subjects (aged between 20 and 40 year) were randomly studied, among these were 64 known cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a poor glycemic control index and 60 apparently healthy individuals with a good glycemic index. Student’s t- test was used to compare independent variables. Cytokine levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Heavy metals were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Full blood count was done using haematology autoanalyzer. The probability values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The levels of interleukin -1α were significantly higher in the diabetics group as compared with the control group (p<0.002), whereas, The levels of interleukin-4, packed cell volume, total white blood count, red blood cells, mean cell haemoglobin and mean cell haemoglobin concentration were significantly lower as compared with the control group (P<0.005). The levels of Manganese, Chromium, Nickel, Zinc were significantly lower in the diabetics group as compared with the control group (p<0.002). Depletion of antioxidant trace elements in T2D is linked to increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and may contribute to the development of diabetic complications. ATE supplementation may be able to prevent the observed cytokine imbalance.