The application of lactase enzymes as bioreceptors in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors for detecting organic dyes, specifically methylene blue (MB), represents a novel approach to environmental monitoring and biosensor technology. Methylene blue, a commonly used dye in textile and pharmaceutical industries, poses significant environmental concerns due to its toxicity and persistence in aquatic ecosystems. Conventional methods for detecting methylene blue, such as spectrophotometry or chromatography, often require sophisticated equipment, extensive sample preparation, and high costs. In contrast, SPR biosensors offer a label-free, real-time, and highly sensitive detection platform, making them ideal for monitoring organic pollutants like methylene blue [1]. Lactase enzymes, also known as β-galactosidases, are traditionally used in food and pharmaceutical industries for their ability to hydrolyze lactose into glucose and galactose. However, their potential as bioreceptors in biosensors is gaining attention due to their specificity and ability to interact with certain organic compounds, including dyes. The enzyme’s structure, featuring an active site that can bind selectively to specific molecules, makes it an excellent candidate for detecting methylene blue. By immobilizing lactase onto the sensor surface, the SPR biosensor can harness its specificity to bind methylene blue, leading to measurable changes in the refractive index near the sensor surface.
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