Climate change exerts profound effects on global water resources and hydrological cycles, influencing water availability, quality, and distribution. This paper reviews the current understanding of how shifting climate patterns—characterized by rising temperatures, altered precipitation regimes, and increased frequency of extreme weather events—affect water resources and hydrological processes. It examines the direct and indirect impacts on river flows, groundwater levels, snow and ice melt, and overall water supply. Key issues include changes in precipitation patterns, shifts in snow and glacier melt timings, and increased evaporation rates. The review synthesizes recent research findings, identifies critical gaps in knowledge, and discusses the implications for water management and policy. By analyzing current data and projections, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the challenges posed by climate change to water resources and offer recommendations for adaptive strategies.
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