Journal of Clinical Case Reports

Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells may be Explored as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Option for Autism

Abstract

Alok Sharma, Nandini Gokulchandran, Akshata Shetty, Hemangi Sane, Pooja Kulkarni and Prerna Badhe

Cellular therapy has been viewed as a novel therapeutic modality for many neurological disorders. Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs) used in many studies, have a safe and ethical profile. These cells have been studied in great depth and have shown angiogenetic and immunomodulatory properties in addition to other neuroprotective effects. These peculiar mechanisms may serve to be beneficial in autism. Recently, hypoperfusion and immune alteration are identified as major underlying pathogenetic mechanisms in autism. We present a case of autism with comorbid mental retardation; treated with intrathecal administration of autologous BMMNCs. Results were documented objectively on Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA) and Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography (PET CT) scan. On regular follow up assessment of the patient over 18 months, there was significant clinical improvement in social relationship, communication and behavior. On outcome measure, ISAA score improved from 111 (Moderate autism) to 73 (Mild Autism). PET CT scans comparison of pre and post therapy showed balancing effect on brain metabolism. This case provides a great insight into the clinical effects of autologous BMMNCs in autism. Though a case study, the improvements guide us to plan future studies to explore different options of cellular therapy in autism.