Tariku Abena*
Biosensors are analytical devices and a hybrid form of physical and chemical sensing technique that convert a biological response into an electrical signal proportional to the concentration of a specific analytes. In its technical aspect, biosensing is a phenomenon that withholds set techniques for the production of an accessible detection signal of interaction between biological molecules and another molecule or analyte of interest. Such molecular device that enables sensing of these molecular interactions is called biosensors. IUPAC provide recognition to this type of sensors only some seventeen years prior to today. In principle, biosensors are receptor-transducer based tool which could be used for interpreting the biophysical or biochemical property of the medium. The presence of biological/organic recognition element which enables the detection of particular biological molecules in the medium distinguishes biosensors apart from other types of sensors. The first biosensor device was invented in order to measure blood glucose level in biological samples. This strategy involved electrochemical detection of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide by using immobilized glucose oxidase electrode. Since then, amazing progress has been made both in technology and applications of biosensors with innovative approaches involving electrochemistry, nanotechnology to bioelectronics.
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