Obesity and its comorbidities have become pandemic, posing a challenge to the global healthcare system. To address such a public health burden, lifestyle changes, nutritional interventions, and pharmaceuticals should be combined in a personalised strategy. Obesity and glucose metabolism dysfunctions are exacerbated by altered brown adipose tissue function. Through uncoupled respiration, BAT thermogenic activity burns glucose and fatty acids to produce heat, which can dissipate excess calorie intake, reduce glycemia, and circulate fatty acids released from white adipose tissue. Thus, BAT activity is expected to contribute to overall energy homeostasis and protect against obesity, diabetes, and lipid profile changes. To date, clinical trials for pharmacological therapies aimed at activating brown fat have failed due to cardiovascular side effects or insufficient efficacy.
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