The vast majority of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer present with widely disseminated metastatic disease at diagnosis because there are no specific symptoms and no effective ways to detect the disease early. The overall survival rate for the most common type of ovarian cancer, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma, has not significantly improved in over 40 years and remains below 30%, despite the efforts of dedicated doctors and scientists. Cytoreductive surgery and systemic chemotherapy are the standard methods of treating ovarian cancer in order to eradicate any remaining tumor cells and achieve clinical remission. High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma can go into remission in about 80% of patients, but the majority of these patients recur due to the presence of cancer cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Various checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with standard treatment for ovarian cancer have failed recent clinical trials. As a result, effective alternative treatments are required right away.
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