Since Arrow's foundational essay on health economics from 1963, the scale of the health-care sector, the share of public finances allocated to health care, and the body of research on health economics have all expanded rapidly. The need for health insurance was sparked by Arrow's emphasis on the significance of uncertainty. The theoretical growth of health economics was supported by later advances in information economics, such as the potential of no equilibrium in the insurance market due to selection. Arrow also stressed the doctor's function as the patient's agent, and much later research examined the influence of the doctor's financial and other incentives on behaviour.
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