Several biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) have recently been discovered and characterised. These molecules, which can be found in urine or blood, indicate structural damage to the kidney. They are being proposed clinically as adjunct diagnostics to serum creatinine and urinary output to improve the early detection, differential diagnosis and prognostic assessment of AKI. The most obvious requirement for a biomarker is that it reflect the disease's underlying pathophysiology. As a result, a biomarker of AKI should be derived from the injured kidney and reflect a molecular process that is intimately related to tissue injury.
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