Multiphase flow simulation in porous media is a critical area of research with significant implications for various fields, including petroleum engineering, hydrology, and environmental science. The behavior of fluids in porous materials is complex, particularly when multiple fluid phases, such as oil, water, and gas, coexist and interact within the porous medium. Understanding and predicting the dynamics of these flows is essential for optimizing extraction processes, managing reservoirs, and mitigating environmental impacts. Computational methods play a crucial role in modeling and simulating multiphase flow in porous media, providing insights into the intricate physical processes that govern these systems. The challenge of simulating multiphase flow in porous media arises from the complex interplay of fluid dynamics, capillarity, and the heterogeneous nature of the porous medium. Porous media are typically composed of solid matrices with interconnected pores through which fluids move. The flow of fluids within these pores is influenced by various factors, including pore size distribution, fluid viscosity, surface tension, and wetting properties.
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