Single-stranded RNA’s have been causing respiratory diseases for many years. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of a cluster of pneumonia cases in Wuhan of China. Since the first reports of cases from Wuhan, cases have been reported in all continents. COVID-19 has seen several mutations to date; the biggest challenges created by the four corona mutation are alpha, beta, gamma and delta. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic, subclinical infection and mild illness to severe or fatal illness; deterioration can occur rapidly, often during the second week of illness. Management of the complications of COVID-19 relies on supportive care and oxygen supplementation via noninvasive or mechanical ventilation. Patients who are critically ill may require vasopressor support and antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections. Vaccines are being developed using a diverse range of delivery platforms, including DNA and RNA, self-amplifying RNA, virus-like particle, peptide, viral vector, recombinant protein, live attenuated virus and inactivated virus. The purpose of writing this article is to explain the history of diseases caused by single-stranded RNA’s and to examine the structure of the COVID-19 virus and the symptoms of the disease caused by this virus and possible treatment methods and vaccines.
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