P. Vinod Kumar*, Prince Louis Palatty and Achuthan CR
Around 8 million people die every year from gastric and hepatic problems. Worldwide peptic ulcers are 8.4% of the population. Stomach cancers, reflux disease, and helicobacter pylori infection are some of the causes. The acid peptic disease is caused by excessive amounts of acid produced. There are three phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease which are mucosal injury which is reflux, related to endoscopic evidence, where the inner lining of the esophagus is abnormal, Barrett’s esophagus, and where there is no esophageal mucosal injury on the endoscopy is nonerosive reflux disease. Heartburn and regurgitation, pain in the abdominal area, and disturbance in sleep pattern are signs of typical reflux syndrome. Endoscopy-negative reflux disease and non-erosive reflux disease are based entirely on endoscopy. While the brain and gut are communicating continuously, a few like the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are known to be associated with the modulation of the gut-brain axis. Drugs like antacids, omeprazole, rebamipide, revaprazan, and many new drugs are being studied. Policymakers have to keep this in mind as this condition is only increasing in the coming years with newer technology like artificial intelligence and a prophylactic vaccine could be the best or better alternative. Let us hope for better treatment options both non-invasive and invasive in the coming years with helicobacter infection being the main contender and with newer technology like artificial intelligence, let’s hope for better and improved drugs with negligible or very fewer adverse effects.
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