The landscape of cancer detection has undergone significant transformation due to advancements in molecular and microscopic technologies. This review explores cutting-edge approaches that have emerged at the intersection of molecular biology and imaging science, highlighting their impact on early cancer detection and diagnosis. Recent progress includes the development of high-throughput genomic profiling techniques, which provide comprehensive insights into cancer-associated genetic mutations, and the refinement of advanced microscopic methods such as superresolution imaging and multiplexed immunohistochemistry. These innovations enable the precise characterization of tumour microenvironments, facilitate the identification of novel biomarkers, and improve the spatial resolution of tissue imaging.
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