Immune system dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This article explores the intricate mechanisms underlying the dysregulation of the immune system in IBD and its impact on gastrointestinal inflammation. The review delves into the immunological factors triggering chronic inflammation, genetic predispositions, and the interplay between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, it examines the role of gut microbiota in influencing immune system dysfunction and its contribution to disease progression. Therapeutic strategies targeting immune dysregulation are also discussed, including immunomodulators, biologic therapies, and potential future prospects. By understanding the complexities of immune system dysfunction in IBD, new avenues for diagnosis and treatment may emerge, offering hope for improved patient outcomes.
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