Metabolic engineering aims to optimize microbial systems for the production of valuable compounds, including biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. Central to this optimization is the ability to monitor and control the fermentation process efficiently. One crucial aspect is the identification of fermentation state markers, which are indicative of the metabolic state and productivity of the microbial culture. This review delves into the methodologies, challenges, and advancements in designing rules for fermentation state marker identification in metabolic engineering, emphasizing their significance in improving fermentation outcomes.
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