Mira Farouk Youssef, Maha Baligh Zickri, Maha Gamal, Nadia Yassin, Lobna Abd ElAl and Noha Elhadary
Background: This study aimed at investigating the possible role of exercise training in activating the migration of CD34 positive progenitor cells in a rat model of induced ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of limb skeletal muscle and related regeneration potential.
Material and methods: 28 adult male albino rats were divided into three groups: group I: control group; group II: IRI with 2 hours ischemia and 2 hours reperfusion, followed by immediate sacrifice (subgroup IIa) or delayed sacrifice after two weeks (subgroup IIb); group III: exercise in the form of group and gradual swimming for 4 weeks, followed by IRI and immediate sacrifice (subgroup IIIa), or delayed sacrifice (subgroup IIIb). Muscle performance was evaluated by physiological tests. Histological study was done using H&E staining, and immunohistochemical staining using anti αSMA and anti CD34. Areas of regenerating fibers, area of αSMA and area percentage of CD34 were measured. Statistical analysis was performed.
Results: IRI group showed severe muscle damage in IIa in the form of wavy, disrupted darkly acidophilic fibers, many dark nuclei, and extravasated blood. There was some improvement in IIb in the form of regenerating fibres with central nuclei and increased αSMA and CD34 immunostaining. Group III showed better preservation of muscle fibers in IIIa. It also showed significant increase in area of regenerating fibers and statistically significant increase in area of αSMA and CD34 and in physiological parameters in IIIb as compared to group II.
Conclusion: Exercise training prior to skeletal muscle IRI markedly improved muscle outcome through preservation and regeneration. Two populations of skeletal muscle stem cells, namely progenitor cells and satellite cells were involved in the process.
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