Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), presents significant diagnostic and prognostic challenges due to its complex and heterogeneous nature. This comprehensive review aims to evaluate and synthesize recent advancements in the identification and application of emerging biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of IBD. Through a systematic review of the literature, we identified a range of promising biomarkers, including genetic markers, serum proteins, fecal markers, and microbiota profiles. These biomarkers have demonstrated potential in distinguishing IBD from other gastrointestinal disorders, monitoring disease activity, and predicting patient outcomes. The integration of these novel biomarkers into clinical practice holds promise for enhancing the precision of IBD diagnosis and prognosis, ultimately leading to more personalized and effective patient care. Further research and validation studies are necessary to translate these findings into routine clinical application, ensuring standardized methods and reference ranges for reliable use.
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