Glomerular diseases present a complex clinical landscape characterized by diverse manifestations and variable disease courses, posing significant challenges in diagnosis and management. This review examines the clinicopathological features, disease progression, and therapeutic approaches in glomerular diseases to enhance understanding and optimize patient care. Clinical presentations encompass proteinuria, hematuria, hypertension and renal insufficiency, reflecting underlying inflammation, immune complex deposition, or genetic abnormalities affecting glomerular structure and function. Histological examination remains pivotal for accurate diagnosis, revealing characteristic patterns such as mesangial proliferation, immune complex deposition, and podocyte injury. Longitudinal studies offer insights into disease trajectories and predictors of adverse outcomes, informing therapeutic decision-making. Treatment strategies aim to reduce proteinuria, preserve kidney function, and mitigate complications, often employing immunosuppressive agents and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors. Individualized treatment plans tailored to clinicopathological characteristics are essential for optimizing outcomes. Despite diagnostic challenges, multidisciplinary approaches integrating clinical, laboratory, and histopathological assessments facilitate accurate diagnosis and prognostication. Prognostic markers guide risk stratification and targeted interventions, emphasizing the importance of early identification and personalized management. By elucidating the intricate interplay of clinical and pathological features, this review informs clinicians and researchers, guiding efforts to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy in glomerular diseases.
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Journal of Nephrology & Therapeutics received 784 citations as per Google Scholar report
