Cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease that results from genetic and epigenetic alterations in the genome. These alterations are known as drivers of cancer progression, which enable the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer, including sustained proliferative signaling, evasion of apoptosis, and tissue invasion and metastasis. The identification of genetic and epigenetic drivers of cancer has led to the development of precision medicine approaches that aim to personalize cancer treatment based on the specific molecular alterations driving each individual patient's tumor. In this review, we discuss the genetic and epigenetic drivers of cancer progression and their implications for precision medicine.
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