Journal of AIDS & Clinical Research

Genetic and Molecular Advances in HIV Diagnosis

Abstract

Stetson Edison*

HIV diagnosis has seen remarkable advancements over the years, shifting from traditional testing methods to cutting-edge genetic and molecular techniques. These innovations have greatly enhanced the accuracy, speed, and efficiency of HIV detection, ultimately improving patient outcomes and helping curb the spread of the virus. As our understanding of HIV genetics deepens, researchers are uncovering new ways to identify the virus at earlier stages, even before antibodies or viral load become detectable with conventional methods. This article explores the role of genetic and molecular advancements in HIV diagnosis and their potential to transform the future of HIV testing. Historically, HIV diagnosis relied heavily on antibody-based tests, such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA), followed by confirmation through Western blot tests. These methods, while effective, often presented challenges in terms of early detection, as it can take several weeks or even months for the body to produce detectable levels of antibodies after exposure to the virus. Additionally, these tests were not ideal for diagnosing acute HIV infections, where the viral load is high but antibodies are not yet detectable.