Hydrogels based on conductive polymers have emerged as a promising platform for wearable electrochemical biosensors, combining the advantageous properties of both hydrogels and conductive polymers to achieve sensitive, selective, and wearable biosensing devices. This comprehensive review explores the principles, design strategies, fabrication techniques, applications, challenges, and future perspectives of hydrogel-based conductive polymer biosensors for wearable applications. In recent years, wearable biosensors have gained significant attention due to their potential to revolutionize healthcare monitoring and diagnostics. These devices offer continuous, real-time monitoring of biomarkers such as glucose, lactate, and various ions in sweat or interstitial fluid. Among the various materials used for biosensor development, hydrogels and conductive polymers stand out for their biocompatibility, tunable properties, and ability to facilitate electron transfer.
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