Proteomics is the study of the entire protein complement of an organism, organ, tissue, or biological fluid. Proteomics-based identification of dysregulated proteins and biomarker discovery has become an essential tool for early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer, accounting for approximately 80% of all breast cancers. Proteomics-based approaches have been used to identify dysregulated proteins and biomarkers in IDC, which can potentially improve early detection, diagnosis, and treatment. MS is a technique that can be used to identify proteins based on their mass-to-charge ratio. Proteins are first digested into peptides using a protease such as trypsin. The resulting peptides are then ionized and introduced into the mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer separates the peptides based on their mass-to-charge ratio and generates a mass spectrum. The mass spectrum can be used to identify the proteins present in the sample.MS can be used to identify dysregulated proteins in IDC by comparing the protein expression profiles of normal and cancerous tissues. Proteins that are overexpressed or under expressed in cancerous tissues can be identified using MS. These dysregulated proteins can then be validated using other proteomics techniques such as western blotting or immunohistochemistry.
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