Journal of Cytology & Histology

Immunohistochemistry in the Era of Precision Medicine: Expanding Applications and Future Directions

Abstract

Sergi Ovio*

Immunohistochemistry has long been a cornerstone of diagnostic pathology, allowing for the visualization and characterization of specific proteins within tissue specimens. With the advent of precision medicine, IHC has gained increasing importance in guiding personalized treatment decisions and predicting patient outcomes. This review explores the expanding applications of IHC in various disease contexts, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Additionally, we discuss emerging technologies and future directions for IHC, including multiplex staining, digital pathology, and artificial intelligence-assisted analysis, which promise to enhance the utility and effectiveness of IHC in the era of precision medicine.