Mawadda Abdulraheem Elneel
One area in which immunological studies have had most immediate and successful application is in the field of vaccination. Vaccines represent one of the greatest interventions in modern medicine [1]. Ever since Edward Jenner’s first use of a vaccine against smallpox in 1796, the use of vaccines has become indispensable to the eradication of disease [2]. Then, Scientific progress has driven vaccine development from live attenuated and inactivated vaccines to purified recombinant one. The recent advances in bioinformatics, proteomics, immunoinformatics, structural biology and others have led to vaccinomics and reverse vaccinology as novel approaches for a generation of new vaccines [3]. Reverse vaccinology relies on the genomic information to identify relevant protein antigens and the design of algorithm for mapping potential B and T cell epitopes for diagnostic or vaccine purposes [4].
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