A crucial performance indicator for industrial ethanol production using the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is product yield on carbohydrate feedstock’s. By altering the ratio of ethanol production, yeast growth, and glycerol formation in anaerobic yeast cultures, this paper examines pathway engineering strategies for increasing ethanol yield on glucose and/or sucrose. Strategies for altering redox-cofactor coupling in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, which aim to reduce or eliminate the role of glycerol formation in anaerobic redox metabolism, and strategies for altering alcoholic fermentation's energy coupling receive particular attention. We discuss context dependence, theoretical impact, and the potential for industrial application of various proposed and developed strategies in addition to providing an overview of scientific advancements.
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