Cancer Science & Therapy

Involvement of Giant Cells in the Development of Bone Tumor

Abstract

Abdul Rouf War, Li Yu and Qian Airong

Osteosarcoma (OS) or Osteogenic sarcoma is a commonly occurring primary bone tumor that occurs in young age including adolescence age group and contributes approximately about 20% of all the other sarcomas. Giant cell rich osteosarcoma (GCRO) is considered as a rare sub-type in the category of primary osteogenic sarcoma. GCRO sarcoma possesses giant cells that look like osteoclasts in abundance and insufficient amount of osteoids are also present. GCRO excludes several features related to classical radiographic aspects in conventional osteosarcomas. This results in its pivotal importance in recognition as a subspace of osteosarcoma and its distinction from other meticulously related tumor in bone. GCRO can be either benign or malignant osteolytic tumor that can be observed on the plain radiographs. Furthermore, giant cell tumor (GCT) whether benign or malignant, in case of histological differentiation is challenging and is highly important because of its aggressively fatal consequences. The GCT contributes nearly 5% of primary bone and the tumor bone is commonly found in the end points of the long bone. In this review, we attempted to recognize and summarize the involvement of giant cells in the development of bone tumor and describe some important gene expressions to get an insight about the strategies to control this type of bone tumor.