Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies

Mental Fatigue in Athletes: Theoretical Insights, Impact on Performance and Intervention Strategies

Abstract

Alberto Carr

Mental fatigue is an increasingly recognized factor that can significantly influence the performance of athletes across various sports. Defined as a psychobiological state caused by prolonged cognitive activity, mental fatigue impacts not only cognitive functions but also physical performance, decisionmaking abilities, and overall well-being. This report explores the theoretical underpinnings of mental fatigue, examines the factors that contribute to its onset in athletes, and discusses potential interventions to mitigate its effects. The theoretical framework for understanding mental fatigue stems from the interaction between cognitive and physiological processes. At its core, mental fatigue is associated with the depletion of cognitive resources required for sustained attention and executive function. The resource depletion model suggests that the brain’s capacity for effortful tasks diminishes over time when faced with prolonged mental exertion. This depletion affects the prefrontal cortex, a critical region for decision-making, self-regulation, and inhibitory control. As these functions decline, athletes may experience reduced performance consistency, impaired judgment, and decreased motivation.