Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm) that play a crucial role in intercellular communication by transporting proteins, lipids, and RNA between cells. This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying exosome biogenesis, focusing on the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-dependent and ESCRT-independent pathways. Additionally, we examine the roles exosomes play in physiological and pathological processes, including immune response, tumour progression, and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the biogenesis and function of exosomes could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.
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Molecular Biology: Open Access received 607 citations as per Google Scholar report
