International Journal of Neurorehabilitation

Non Cognitive Neuropsychiatric Impairments in Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

AV Medvedeva* and NN Yahno

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative disorders. AD is usually associated with non-cognitive neuropsychiatric impairment (NCNI) as apathy, depression, anxiety, emotional labiality, sleep disorders. Methods: 131 patients with AD (mild, moderate degree) were included in the investigation according to the diagnostic criteria of DSM IV and MKB 10. 45 AD patients were on galantamine, 43-memantin and 43-combined therapy. The control group includes 45 patients. In our investigation in the main group of AD patients the duration of the disease was from 6 months to 4.3 years, on average 3.3 years. Standard neuropsychological an investigation was performed in AD and control group which included the following tests- MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery), clock drawing test, 12 world list immediate and delayed recall (subscore, total). Neuropsychiatric investigation includes neuropsychyatric inventory (NPI-Cummings). Results: Correlation analysis between cognitive and non-cognitive neuropsychiatric impairments in combined group showed Total NPI-MMSE, r=-0.312, p=0.032; Total NPI-FAB, r=-0.41, p=0.03, Total NPI-FAB, r=-0.41 p=0.03, Apathy-12 world delayed recall (total), r=-0.45 p=0.001, Apathy-12 world learning test delayed recall with help r=-0.45 p=0.001, Sleep scale-12 word learning test immediate recall (r=+0.44 р=0.03, Sleep disorders-12 worlds learning test-delayed recall r=+0.55 р=0.001). Correlation between NPI and EEG data showed Total NPI-spectral power in Т3, r=+0.46 p=0.048, Depression-spectral power of delta in С3 r=+0.34 p=0.032, Depression-spectral power of theta band in С4 r=+0.32 p=0.032, Apathy-spectral power in theta band in С3, r=+0.37 р=0.01, Apathy-spectral power in theta band in С4 r=+0.33 p=0.031, Emotional liability-spectral power in delta F1 r=+0.47 р=0.027, Emotional liability-spectral power in F2 r=+0.46 p=0.049, Total NPI-intra hemispheric coherence of theta in Т3-T4 r=-0.45 p=0.048, Depression- Intra hemispheric coherence in С3-C4 r=-0.35 p=0.033, Аpathy-Intra hemispheric coherence in С3-С4 r=-0.45 p=0.048, Аpathy-Intra hemispheric coherence of theta in T3-T4 r=-0.32 p=0.03, Emotional liability-Intra hemispheric coherence in F1-F2 r=-0.46 р=0.026, Emotional liability-Intra hemispheric coherence in T3-T4 r=-0.47 p=0.048. Conclusion: There were found significant correlations between cognitive and non-cognitive neuropsychiatric impairments. So the data gives significant possibility to think that NCNI are the obligatory sign of AD.