Fluidized beds are a conventional technology used for converting biomass into energy, as they offer several advantages such as fuel flexibility, high efficiency, and low environmental impact. However, the process is not without its challenges. Bed agglomeration and material deposition pose significant operational problems, which can vary depending on the bed materials and fuels used. In severe cases, this can cause complete bed defluidization and unexpected plant shutdowns, leading to reduced equipment lifespan due to repeated start-up and shutdown cycles.
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