Bacterial biofilm formation is a complex and dynamic process that plays a crucial role in various industries, including healthcare, biotechnology and environmental science. Real-time monitoring of biofilm formation stages is essential for understanding biofilm development, optimizing prevention and control strategies and ensuring the performance and safety of numerous applications. This paper introduces a novel approach for real-time detection of bacterial biofilm formation stages using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)-based sensors. By leveraging the QCM's sensitivity to mass changes at the sensor surface, we can accurately and continuously monitor the adhesion, growth and maturation of bacterial biofilms. This method provides valuable insights into the kinetics of biofilm formation, aiding in the development of targeted interventions and enhancing the quality of various processes and products.
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