Because of concerns about depleting fossil fuel supplies, growing population, and industrialization producing ever-increasing fuel use, renewable energy is capturing a larger share of worldwide attention. In reaction to the coming energy crisis, governments all over the world have backed the use of alternative energy sources. The growing cost of oil has heightened interest in biofuels, including bioethanol, biodiesel, and biohydrogen, to mention a few. Biofuels are classified as either first or second generation. First generation biofuels are often produced using traditional processes from carbohydrates, lipids, oils, or agricultural waste. Second generation biofuels are often made from lignocellulosic biomass, which includes cellulosic plant material such as stalks, stems, and wood. Many second generation biofuels are being developed, including biohydrogen, biomethanol, and mixed alcohols.
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