A series of alloy systems take place in class of advanced smart materials with adaptive properties and stimulus response to the external changes. Shape memory alloys take place in this group, due to the shape reversibility and capacity of responding to changes in the environment. These alloys exhibit a peculiar property called shape memory effect, which is characterized by the recoverability of two certain shapes of material at different temperatures. These alloys have dual characteristics called thermoelectricity and super elasticity, from viewpoint of memory behavior. Two successive structural transformations, thermal and stress induced martensitic transformations govern shape memory phenomena in crystallographic basis. Thermal induced martensite occurs along with crystal twinning in self-accommodating manner on cooling and ordered parent phase structures turn into twinned martensite structures, and twinned structures turn into the detwinned structures by stressing material in low temperature condition by means of stress.
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