Smartphone-based electrochemiluminescence biosensors represent a groundbreaking advancement in the field of analytical chemistry and biomedical diagnostics. These systems offer an innovative, fully integrated portable platform that combines the capabilities of electrochemiluminescence with the computational power of deep learning algorithms. This convergence enables highly sensitive, real-time visual monitoring of various analytes, making it particularly appealing for point-of-care testing, environmental monitoring, and clinical diagnostics. The integration of smartphones, with their ubiquitous presence, high-resolution cameras, and advanced processing capabilities, further democratizes access to sophisticated diagnostic tools. At the heart of this technology lies electrochemiluminescence, a phenomenon that combines the principles of electrochemistry and luminescence. In ECL systems, chemical reactions at the electrode surface generate excited-state luminophores, which emit light upon returning to their ground state. The intensity of this light correlates directly with the concentration of the target analyte, providing a quantitative measure that can be visually monitored. Traditionally, ECL systems have been constrained to laboratory settings due to the need for bulky instrumentation, precise control systems, and complex data analysis tools. However, the advent of miniaturized electrochemical cells, coupled with the integration of smartphone technologies, has paved the way for portable and user-friendly ECL biosensors
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