Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Source Identification and Heavy Metal Analysis of Fine Particulate Matter (PM_2.5) in an Industrialized Urban Area of Lagos State, Nigeria

Abstract

Chiedu I Emmanuel*, Oyibo O Faith, Anuge O Benedicta and Akanji A Aminat

Gaseous pollutants and particulate matter are released into the atmosphere at concentrations above their normal ambient level; this is caused by the increasing human activities which eventually have a measurable effect on humans, animals and plants. Particulate matter (PM) which can be inhaled into the human respiratory system is related to most serious health effect including pulmonary and cardiovascular illness. Based on the field study conducted, the concentrations of PM_2.5 at the different locations vary with respect to anthropogenic sources. The PM_2.5 levels obtained ranged from 14.00 to 32.67 μg/m³ during wet season and 18.67 to 34.67 μg/m³ during dry season. Trace elements especially heavy metals are significant components of PM_2.5 in industrial environments. The heavy metals are of particular concern due to their persistence in the environmental media and their human toxicity. The Enrichment Factor (EF) analysis showed very high enrichment for the elements; Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Ni in the fine fraction (PM_2.5). The Principal Component Analysis explained two common contributing sources of fine particulates (PM_2.5) such as entrained soil and combustion.