This narrative review examines the role of supplemental micronutrients in modulating tight junctions and epithelial barrier function. Tight junctions are critical components of epithelial barriers in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system and skin, regulating the paracellular transport of ions, solutes and immune cells. Emerging evidence suggests that micronutrients, such as vitamins (e.g., vitamin D, vitamin A and vitamin C), minerals (e.g., zinc, selenium) and polyphenols, play crucial roles in maintaining the integrity and function of tight junctions. This review explores the mechanisms through which micronutrients influence tight junction dynamics, barrier integrity and immune responses, highlighting their potential therapeutic implications in conditions characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergic disorders and skin diseases. Understanding the interplay between supplemental micronutrients and tight junctions can inform strategies for optimizing epithelial barrier function and promoting overall health and wellbeing.
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