The thickest of the three membranes that make up a foetal body is the amniotic membrane (AM), sometimes known as an amnion. A single layer of amnion epithelial cells anchored to a thick basement membrane, as well as an avascular stromal matrix, make up this semi-transparent membrane. In addition to integrin, fibronectin and laminin, it has been shown that the human amniotic membrane also includes collagen types IV and VII, as seen with the Bowman membrane cornea. Its earliest documented usage in ophthalmology was by De Rotth, who utilised the foetal membrane (both amniotic membrane and chorion) to correct epithelial conjunctival abnormalities in patients with symblepharon. It was first used therapeutically in 1910 by Davis for skin transplantations.
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