Targeted drug delivery systems have emerged as a pivotal strategy in the realm of cancer therapy, offering a potential solution to the challenges posed by traditional treatment modalities. Cancer, a multifaceted disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation, remains a formidable global health concern. Despite significant advancements in oncology research and therapeutic interventions, the efficacy of conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy is often hindered by their lack of specificity, resulting in systemic toxicity and adverse effects on healthy tissues. In response to these limitations, targeted drug delivery systems have garnered increasing attention for their ability to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to cancerous cells while minimizing harm to normal tissues. These systems employ a range of sophisticated strategies, leveraging the unique characteristics of tumors and their microenvironment to achieve precise and efficient drug delivery. Among these strategies, passive and active targeting approaches represent two primary avenues for enhancing drug specificity and efficacy.
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