In the realm of cancer research, few genes have garnered as much attention and significance as KRAS. KRAS mutations are among the most common genetic alterations found in human cancers, particularly in pancreatic, colorectal and lung cancers. The discovery of these mutations has revolutionized our understanding of cancer biology and opened new avenues for targeted therapies. In this article, we will delve into the world of KRAS mutations, exploring their impact on cancer development and discussing the recent advancements in therapeutic approaches. KRAS, an acronym for Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog, is a proto-oncogene that plays a vital role in cell signalling pathways. This gene encodes a protein involved in transmitting signals from cell surface receptors to the cell nucleus, thereby regulating critical cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. However, when mutated, KRAS becomes an oncogene, driving uncontrolled cell growth and promoting tumour formation. KRAS mutations are known to confer aggressive tumour behavior and resistance to conventional cancer therapies. Studies have shown that KRAS-mutated tumors tend to be more resistant to chemotherapy and radiation, posing significant challenges in the clinical management of these cancers. Additionally, KRAS mutations are associated with poor prognosis and reduced overall survival rates in several cancer types, underscoring the urgent need for effective targeted therapies.
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