Cigarette smoking is a global health concern associated with a multitude of adverse health effects, including increased susceptibility to various diseases and reduced overall life expectancy. Recent research has uncovered a novel dimension to the detrimental consequences of smoking by examining its impact on the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells. MSCs have gained prominence in regenerative medicine due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. This review explores the intricate relationship between cigarette smoking and MSCs, shedding light on how smoking may compromise the effectiveness of MSC-based therapies. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, encompassing alterations in MSC proliferation, differentiation and immunomodulation in the presence of cigarette smoke constituents. Moreover, we delve into the potential strategies to mitigate these adverse effects, thus optimizing the therapeutic utility of MSCs in the context of smoking-related diseases. Understanding the intricate interplay between cigarette smoking and MSCs is crucial for advancing regenerative medicine and improving the clinical outcomes of patients affected by smoking-related conditions.
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