In the realm of modern medicine, the integration of molecular biomarkers has catalyzed a paradigm shift in drug development and therapeutic strategies. Molecular biomarkers, indicative of biological processes or responses to treatment, offer profound insights into disease mechanisms, patient stratification and treatment efficacy. Molecular biomarkers encompass a diverse array of molecules, ranging from DNA, RNA, proteins, to metabolites, circulating tumor cells and imaging characteristics. These biomarkers reflect various aspects of physiological and pathological processes, providing invaluable information for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment monitoring. Through advancements in omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, researchers can comprehensively characterize biomarker profiles associated with disease states and drug responses.
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