Emmanuel Adémólá Anígilájé, Othniel Joseph Dabit, Bem Ageda, Stephen Hwande and Terkaa Terrumun Bitto
Introduction: In Nigeria, gaps between uptakes of Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) interventions by HIV-infected women continue to exist with its consequent increase in perinatal HIV epidemic. This study aims to determine the predictors and HIV infection rates among infants and children of mothers of PMTCT Gaps in a major Nigerian city.
Methods: It is a retrospective study that involved infants and children seen at the Federal Medical Centre, Makurdi, between June 2009 and June 2011. The bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors that may predict MTCT of HIV.
Results; A total of 224 subjects comprising 121 males (M) and 103 females (F) with a M: F ratio of 1:0.9 was seen. The median age was 150 days with a range from 4 days to 690 days. MTCT of HIV was 34.4% (77/224). In multivariate analyses and after adjusting for other factors: absence of episiotomy at delivery (Adjusted Odd Ratio –AOR 0.063, 95%CI 0.005-0.773, p=0.031), partial PMTCT interventions involving antiretroviral given to mothers and their babiesafter 72 hours of life, (AOR 0.050, 95%CI 0.005-0.512, p=0.031), mixed feeding (AOR 4.017, 95%CI 1.030-15.665, p=0.045), maternal HIV viral loads of 1001-10,000 copies/ml (AOR 3.207, 95%CI 1.158-8.882, p=0.025) and children presenting at older than 12 months of age (AOR 26.331, 95%CI1.244-557.230, p=0.036) remain independently associated with HIV transmission.
Conclusion: The high prevalence of MTCT of HIV in the present study can be prevented if access, uptake and PMTCT interventions are improved.
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