The rapid expansion of electronic technology has led to a surge in the production of electronic devices, such as smartphones, computers, and televisions. As these products become obsolete or break down, they contribute to a growing environmental crisis—electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste contains a variety of toxic metals and chemicals, including lead, mercury, cadmium, and flame retardants, which pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. Improper disposal of e-waste, particularly in landfills or through informal recycling methods, leads to the leaching of hazardous substances into the soil and water systems. This contamination is particularly alarming as it affects ecosystems and potentially enters the food chain, impacting both terrestrial and aquatic life.
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